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The 1st millennium BC encompasses the Iron Age and sees the rise of many successive empires, and spanned from 1000 BC to 1 BC.
The Neo-Assyrian Empire develops, followed by the Achaemenids. In Greece, Classical Antiquity begins with the colonization of Magna Graecia and peaks with the rise of Hellenism. The close of the millennium sees the rise of the Roman Empire. In South Asia, the Vedic civilization blends into the Maurya Empire. The early Celts dominate Central Europe while Northern Europe is in the Pre-Roman Iron Age. The Scythians dominate Central Asia. In China, the Spring and Autumn period sees the rise of Confucianism. Towards the close of the millennium, the Han Dynasty extends Chinese power towards Central Asia, where it borders on Indo-Greek and Iranian states. Yayoi period in Japanese islands. The Maya civilization rises in Central America, while in Africa, Ancient Egypt begins its decline, rise of the Nubian Empire, and Aksum's birth. The religions of Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism (Vedic religion and Vedanta), Jainism and Buddhism develop. Graeco-Roman Europe, India and China see the rise of literature. World population greatly increases in the course of the millennium, reaching some 170 to 400 million people at its close depending on the estimates used.
738 BC Assyria invades Israel 727 BC Babylonia secedes from Assyria 722 BC Israel is conquered by Assyria
528 BC Buddhism founded
476 BC Warring States period
450 BC Tanakh compiled 486 BC Grand Canal begun
206 BC Han Dynasty 261 BC Kalinga war
136 to 124 BC Confucianism became the state ideology of China
114 BC Silk Road route expanded
Sun Tzu Cyrus the Great
Han dynasty, Roman Republic, Seleucid Empire, Xiongnu, Babylonia
Rome, Millennium, Uganda, Bihar, Hindu calendar
Assyria, 760s BC, 740s BC, 710s BC, 750 Bc
India, Hannibal, Italy, Roman Republic, Han dynasty
Gautama Buddha, Tibetan Buddhism, Sīla, Mahayana, Hinduism
Ancient Egypt, 17th century BC, 14th century BC, Bronze Age, 20th century BC
Han dynasty, Jesus, 1 Bc, Herod the Great, 8 Bc
China, Solomon, History of Egypt, Zhou Dynasty, Israelites
Han Dynasty, Julius Caesar, Roman Republic, Rome, Pompey