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The Central Semitic languages are a proposed intermediate group of Semitic languages, comprising the Late Iron Age, modern dialect of Arabic (prior to which Arabic was a Southern Semitic language), and older Bronze Age Northwest Semitic languages (which include Aramaic, Ugaritic, and the Canaanite languages of Hebrew and Phoenician). In this reckoning Central Semitic itself is one of three divisions of Semitic along with East Semitic (Akkadian) and South Semitic (South Arabian, and the Semitic languages of Ethiopia).
Distinctive features of Central Semitic languages include the following:[2]
Different classification systems disagree on the precise structure of the group. The most common approach divides it into Arabic and Northwest Semitic, while SIL Ethnologue has South Central Semitic (including Arabic and Hebrew) vs. Aramaic.
The main distinction between Arabic and the Northwest Semitic languages is the presence of broken plurals in the former. The majority of Arabic masculine non-human nouns form plurals in this manner (called inanimate plural), whereas almost all nouns in the Northwest Semitic languages form their plurals with a suffix. For example, the Arabic بيت bayt ("house") becomes بيوت buyūt ("houses"); the Hebrew בית bayit ("house") becomes בתים battīm ("houses").
Ethnologue, Arabic language, Aramaic language, Hebrew language, Akkadian language
Canaanite languages, Semitic languages, Ṯāʼ, Aramaic language, Phoenician language
Arabic language, Israel, Jerusalem, Hebrew alphabet, Ethnologue
Egypt, Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia
Semitic languages, Central Semitic languages, Varieties of Arabic, Maltese language, Canaanite languages
Semitic languages, Central Semitic languages, South Semitic languages, Hebrew language, Middle East
Hebrew language, Semitic languages, Hebrew alphabet, Back vowel, Mishnaic Hebrew
Quran, Egyptian Arabic, Maltese language, Saudi Arabia, Islam
Punic language, Semitic languages, Hebrew language, Northwest Semitic languages, Phoenician language