Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt

The Twenty-third Dynasty of ancient Egypt was a separate regime of Meshwesh Libyan kings, who ruled ancient Egypt. This dynasty is often considered part of the Third Intermediate Period.

Rulers

There is much debate surrounding this dynasty, which may have been situated at Herakleopolis Magna, Hermopolis Magna, and Thebes but monuments from their reign show that they controlled Upper Egypt in parallel with the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt shortly before the death of Osorkon II. In the History of Egypt, the known rulers, for the Twenty-third Dynasty, are as follows:

**Twenty-Third Dynasty**
Pharaoh	Praenomen	Reign (BCE)	Consort(s)	Comments
Harsiese A	Hedjkheperre-Setpenamun	880 – 860 BC	Isetweret I	Independent king at Thebes; Ruled during Takelot I's and Osorkon II's reigns
Takelot II	Hedjkheperre-Setpenre	840 – 815 BC	Karomama D Tashep Tabeketenasket A	Contemporary with the Twenty-Second Dynasty king Shoshenq III, who controlled Lower Egypt.
Pedubast I	Usermaatre-Setpenamun	829 – 804 BC		Involved in a prolonged civil war with king Takelot II/Crown Prince Osorkon B.
Iuput I	??	829 – 804 BC		co-regent
Shoshenq VI	Usermaatre-Meryamun	804 – 798 BC		Succeeded Pedubast I at Thebes and ruled Upper Egypt for 6 years.
Osorkon III	Usermaatre-Setpenamun	798 – 769 BC	Tentsai A Karoatjet	Involved in a civil war against Pedubast I and Shoshenq VI.
Takelot III	Usermaatre	774 – 759 BC	Kakat Irtiubast	Osorkon III's eldest son, junior coregent and successor.
Rudamun	Usermaatre-Setpenamun	759 – 755 BC	Tadi[...]	The younger brother and successor of Takelot III. A poorly attested king.
Ini	Menkheperre	755 – 750 BC		Only controlled Thebes during his reign.
Peftjauawybast	Neferkare	754 – 720 BC	Irbastwedjanefu Tashereniset I	Rudamun's son-in-law, only controlled Herakleopolis during his reign.

J.P. Elias, "A Northern Member of the 'Theban' Twenty-Third Dynasty", Discussions in Egyptology 31 (1995), 57-67.
J. Goldberg, "The 23rd Dynasty Problem Revisited: Where, When and Who?", Discussions in Egyptology 29 (1994), 55-85.
H. Jacquet Gordon, "Deux graffiti d'époque libyenne sur le toit du Temple de Khonsu à Karnak" in Hommages à la memoire de Serge Sauneron, 1927-1976 (Cairo: 1979), pp. 169–74.
K.A. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (c.1100–650 BC), 3rd ed., Warminster: 1996.

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Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt